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廣州新東方酷學(xué)酷玩夏令營　非謂語動詞

　　1.定義：動詞除在句子中作謂語以外，還具有名詞、形容詞及副詞的性質(zhì)，在句中可作主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語和補語等，這就是動詞的非謂語動詞。可分為三種：動詞不定式、分詞和動名詞。

　　2.動詞不定式：to + 動詞原形(在某些情況下可以不帶to )。(沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，可以有自己的賓語和狀語，可以有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化)

　　○1 一般式：主動語態(tài)：to do , 被動語態(tài)：to be + 動詞過去分詞 (表示動作或狀態(tài)與謂語動詞的動作或狀態(tài)同時發(fā)生或之后發(fā)生)

　　○2 進行式：主動語態(tài)：to be doing , 被動語態(tài)：無 (表示動作或狀態(tài)與謂語動詞的動作或狀態(tài)同時發(fā)生)

　　○3 完成式：主動語態(tài)：to have +動詞過去分詞，被動語態(tài)：to have been +動詞過去分詞 (表示動作或狀態(tài)在謂語動作之前就發(fā)生)

　　○4 用法：

　　a. 作主語：to learn a foreign language is not easy . = it's not easy to learn a foreign language .

　　b. 作表語：the most important thing is to finish the work on time .

　　c. 作賓語：

　　a. 動詞+to do . he decided to buy a new watch . (agree, choose, want, hope, like, wish, learn, love, plan, try, start, afford …)

　　b. 動詞+疑問詞+to do i don't know where to put the bike .

　　c. 動詞+形式賓語(it)+賓補+to do i find it important to learn a second foreign language .

　　d. 作補語：

　　a. 動詞+賓語+to do tom asked me to show him the new shoes . (tell, wish, ask, want, like, beg, invite, allow, encourage…)

　　b. 動詞+賓語+不帶to的動詞 he often saw tom play football .(see, hear, feel, watch, notice, have, make, let…)

　　e. 作狀語：

　　a. 表示目的：he went to guangzhou to see his sons . he got up early in order to catch the first bus .

　　b. 表示結(jié)果：he is too tired to walk any farther . they aren't old enough to go to school .

　　c. 表示原因：he is sorry to hear that . i am glad to see you .

　　f.作定語： i have something to tell you . i want to buy something to eat .