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廣州新東方酷學(xué)酷玩夏令營 英語寫作技巧
書面語和口語是兩種不同形式的語言變體。口語是語言存在的最基本形式。從語言的起源和發(fā)展來看，口語是第一位的。書面語源于口語，是第二位的。書面語是用文字的形式來傳遞人們的思想、觀點(diǎn)等信息。它要求句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、工整，符合語法規(guī)則和行文要求，在恰當(dāng)傳遞信息的基礎(chǔ)上產(chǎn)生一定的修辭效果。英語書面語和口語的主要區(qū)別體現(xiàn)在：
      1)書面語常用非人稱形式行文，即說話人不直接表明自己或他人，避免使用人稱代詞we，you，i；口語常以第一人稱敘事，直接表朋說話者是誰。例如：
      a rich woman was killed last night．(書面語)
      someone killed a rich woman last night．(口語)
      it's more tools that we need．(書面語)
      we need more tools．(口語)
      the heavy rain prevented us from starting．(書面語)
      we could not start because of the heavy rain．(口語)
      2)書面語常借用修辭手法，使文句優(yōu)美生動(dòng)；口語一般不用修辭手法，而用語調(diào)來達(dá)到這一效果。例如：
      through the window，came in the sweet song．(書面語)
      the sweet song came in through the window．(口語)
      once there lived a greedy king in greek．(書面語)
      once agreedy king lived in greek．(口語)
      3)書面語常把重要信息后置；口語則可把核心前移作為對照。例如：
      it's reported that the post office has received one of the letters．(書面語)
      one of letters has arrived(but the other one hasn't)．(口語)
      4)書面語一般不用縮略詞；口語中則常常使用縮略詞。例如：
      the professor stayed in the laboratory for 3 hours．(書面語)
      who's in the lab?(口語)
      the professor went to the hospital for a physical examination．(書面語)
      the professor is to go in for a physical．(口語)
      5)書面語一般要求使用正式用語行文；口語則常常以非正式用語敘事。例如：
      the college requires all students to submit their essay by a given time．(書面語)
      i've got to hand in this essay by tomonow．(口語)
      the author regrets that he made the same mistake again．(書面語)
      i'm sorry that i had made the same mistake again．(口語) 【糾錯(cuò)】