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武漢新東方夏令營提示，非限定性定語從句，既可以修飾先行詞，也可修飾整個句子。它對其先行詞沒有限定、修飾的作用，只起補充、說明的作用。

      武漢新東方夏令營提示，非限制性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系不十分密切，只是對其作一些附加說明，不起限定制約作用。如果將非限制性定語從句省去，主句的意義仍然完整。
　一、一個明顯標(biāo)志
　　從句式上看，從句與主句之間有逗號隔開。
　　句子結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞+逗號+關(guān)系詞+定語從句
　　二、兩個突出特征
　　1. 在非限定性定語從句中，不能用that，而用who， whom代表人，用which代表事物，why用for which替換。
　　2. 非限定性定語從句，既可以修飾先行詞，也可修飾整個句子。它對其先行詞沒有限定、修飾的作用，只起補充、說明的作用。有時也用它來對全句進行補充、說明。即使將其去掉，也不會影響句子意思。
　　3. 兩類關(guān)系詞：
　�、訇P(guān)系代詞。指物用which，指人用who或whom。
　　注意：whose+名詞（指人/物）=the+名詞+of which/whom=of which+the+名詞
　�、陉P(guān)系副詞（指時間when、地點where）
　　三、三項作用
　　1. 連接作用；2. 替代作用；3. 成分作用。
　　四、四步做題口訣
　　一看指人還是物， 二看介詞在何處；
　　三看句中何功能， 四看是否屬特殊。
　　技巧點撥：一看（先行詞），二析（從句成分），三選（關(guān)系詞），四思（特殊情況）。
　　1. 找先行詞：先行詞一般是名詞和代詞。
　　2. 看先行詞在定語從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞质鞘裁础?br>　　3. 定語從句中缺什么成分，我們就補充什么成分。判斷成分要看先行詞在定語從句中所起的作用是什么。
　　4. 分析情況是否特殊，特殊情況特殊對待。
　　五、五種成分
　　關(guān)系詞可以在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語、表語、狀語。
　　六、六個易錯點
　　1. 非限制性定語從句通常不能用that引導(dǎo)。比如：
　　i like the book， which was bought yesterday.
　　i like the book which/that was bought yesterday.
　　2. 非限制性定語從句不能用why引導(dǎo)，要用for which代替why。如：
　　i had told them the reason， for which i didn’t attend the meeting.
　　3. 非限制性定語從句置于句首時，不能用which引導(dǎo)。關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句位置比較靈活，可以放主句前，也可以放主句后。如：
　　as i expected， he didn’t believe me.
　　she heard a terrible noise， which brought her heart into her mouth.
　　4. 在非限制性定語從句中，指物的關(guān)系代詞作賓語時，只能用which；指人的關(guān)系代詞作賓語時，只能用賓格whom，不能用who替換，也一定不能省略。
　　do you know tom， whom we talked about？
　　this book， which you can get at any bookshop， will give you all the information you need.
　　5. 當(dāng)先行詞是表示職業(yè)、品質(zhì)、身份等含義的名詞，做定語從句的表語時，從句必須用which引導(dǎo)，含有對比的意思。
　　jack’s brother is a policeman， which he isn’t.
　　6. 非限制性定語從句還能將整個主句作為先行詞， 對其進行修飾， 這時從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。
　　he seems to have misunderstood what i meant， which greatly upsets me.
　　七、高考熱點
　　1. as，which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別
　�、僬Z義
　　當(dāng)主句和從句語義一致時，先行詞用as。
　　he made along speech， as we expected.
　　當(dāng)主句和從句語義轉(zhuǎn)折時，先行詞用which。
　　he made along speech， which was unexpected.

②位置
　　as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，可以代主句的全部或部分內(nèi)容。它常表示說話人的依據(jù)、態(tài)度、評論、看法等，有“正如、像”等意思。定語從句可以置主句句首、句中或句末。as后常接expect，know，report，say，see等動詞的主、被動語態(tài)句。通常用下列句型：as is known to all， as is said， as is reported， as is announced， as we all know， as i expect。
　　③含義
　　as有“正如”的含義，which沒有。
　　as is well known，shanghai is a big city.
　　some of the roads were flooded， which made our journey more difficult.
　�、芊穸ň溆脀hich
　　tom drinks a lot everyday， which his wife doesn’t like at all.
　�、莓�(dāng)主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時，常用which
　　tom was always late for school， which made his teacher angry
八、易混點
　　1. 定語從句 vs 強調(diào)句型
　　it was nov.11， 2011 when they got married.（定語從句）
　　it was on nov.11，2011 that they got married.（強調(diào)句型）
　　2. 定語從句 vs 名詞性從句
　　the fact that he told us is very surprising.（定語從句）
　　the fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.（同位語從句）
　　3. 定語從句 vs 狀語從句
　　she is such a good teacher as we all respect.（定語從句）
　　she is such a good teacher that we all respect her.（狀語從句）
　　
　　1. i wish to thank professor smith， without help i would never have got this far.
　　a. who b. whose c. who d. which
　　2. it is the third time that she has won the race， has surprised us all.
　　a. that b. where c. which d. what
　　3. when deeply absorbed in work， he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.
　　a. that b. which c. where d. when
　　4. the air quality in the city， is shown in the report， has improved over the past two months.
　　a. that b. it c. as d. what
　　5. they stood at the window， they could see was happening in the street.
　　a.where；all b.which；all
　　c.from where；what d.from which；that
　　6. his glasses， he was like a blind man， fell to the ground and broke its leg.
　　a. which b. with which
　　c. without which d. whose